Builders Urge Extreme Care in Restoring Housing Finance System

NAHB Third Vice Chairman Rick Judson testifies before House Financial Services Committee. Photo by Herman FarrerAs Congress begins to debate how to reform government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Loan Bank System, NAHB on April 14 called on lawmakers to ensure that the federal government continues to provide a backstop for the housing finance system to ensure a reliable and adequate flow of affordable housing credit.

Testifying before the House Financial Services Committee, NAHB Third Vice Chairman Rick Judson, a builder and developer from Charlotte, N.C., said the need for this support is underscored by the current state of affairs — with the GSEs, Federal Housing Administration and Ginnie Mae acting as the primary conduits for residential mortgage credit.

“NAHB feels the federal backstop must be a permanent fixture in order to ensure a consistent supply of mortgage liquidity as well as to allow rapid and effective responses to market dislocations and crises,” said Judson.

Related to the future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, NAHB recommended policy changes to restore and improve the secondary mortgage market and housing finance system:

Degree and structure of government support. While government support is needed to ensure that mortgage credit is available and affordable in all areas of the country under all economic circumstances, support for the conforming conventional mortgage market should not be provided directly to private companies. Instead, the federal government should explicitly guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest on securities backed by conforming conventional mortgages, in the same way that Ginnie Mae now provides guarantees for investors in its securities.

Operation of the conforming conventional mortgage market. NAHB envisions private companies — conforming mortgage conduits (CMCs) — being chartered to purchase conforming conventional loans originated by approved mortgage lending institutions such as banks, savings and loan associations, mortgage banking companies and credit unions and then issuing securities backed by those mortgages.

CMCs would guarantee the timely payment on the mortgages that are pooled in the government-guaranteed securities and would be required to be well-capitalized and to maintain reserves at levels appropriate for their risk exposure. However, CMCs and the mortgages backing their securities would not have implicit or explicit support from the federal government. A fund would be established by the government to provide a guarantee of timely payment of principal and interest to investors in the securities. The CMCs would pay a fee to capitalize the fund, which would be designed to mitigate the federal government’s risk so that it would only be exposed in the case of a “catastrophic” occurrence.

Conforming conventional mortgages. Mortgages eligible for inclusion in securities receiving an explicit federal guarantee should have well-understood risk characteristics. This would include fixed-rate and standard adjustable-rate mortgages and selected multifamily mortgage loans.
NAHB is in the process of updating its policy on the future of the Federal Home Loan Bank System and believes that policymakers must take into account its significant structural and operational differences from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac when considering the future make-up of the housing finance system.

With Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac now operating under conservatorship and experiencing severe financial pressures, NAHB urged Congress to proceed with caution as lawmakers take steps to transition to a new housing finance system.

“Any changes should be undertaken with extreme care and with sufficient time to ensure that U.S. home buyers and renters are not placed in harm’s way and that the mortgage funding and delivery system operates efficiently and effectively as the old system is abandoned and a new system is put in place,” said Judson.